什麼是 UWB？
UWB超寬頻是一種基於脈衝的無線電技術，運作於 3.1–10.6 GHz 頻段，通道寬度大於 500 MHz。與連續窄頻訊號不同，UWB 傳送極短脈衝，使飛行時間（ToF）距離計算更加精準。透過計算脈衝從發射器到接收器的傳播時間，UWB 可將距離誤差控制在 10–30 公分內，支援精準室內定位與即時資產追蹤。
此外，UWB 對訊號干擾與多徑效應（訊號反射）具有高度抗性，因此在工廠、醫院、倉庫與智慧建築等複雜環境中極具可靠性。其低功耗特性也使其適合集成於行動裝置、穿戴裝置與物聯網應用。超寬頻技術特性參數數值頻寬≥ 500 MHz頻段3.1–10.6 GHz（依區域規範）典型發射功率−41.3 dBm/MHz（FCC 限值）定位精度室內 ±10 公分更新率最高 200 Hz
WHAT IS UWB?
Ultra wideband is a pulse based radio technology operating in the 3.1–10.6 GHz band with a channel width > 500 MHz. Instead of continuous narrowband signals, it sends very brief pulses, enabling precise time-of-flight (ToF) distance calculations.By timing each pulse as it travels from the transmitter to the receiver, UWB pinpoints separation to within 10–30 cm, supporting accurate indoor positioning and real-time asset tracking. Additionally, UWB is highly resistant to signal interference and multipath effects, where signals bounce off surfaces, making it exceptionally reliable in complex environments such as factories, hospitals, warehouses, and smart buildings. Its low energy consumption also makes UWB perfect for integration into mobile devices, wearables, and Internet of Things (IoT) solutions.ULTRA WIDE-BAND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICSParameterValueBandwidth≥500 MHzFrequency band3.1–10.6 GHz (regional variants)Typical TX power−41.3 dBm/MHz (FCC limit)Positioning accuracy±10 cm indoorsUpdate rateUp to 200 HzComprehensive Guide on RTLS in 2026Don't let the competition get ahead. Get the RTLS 2026 Guide and stay at the forefront of this transformative technology.
超寬頻（UWB）已從小眾軍用雷達技術，發展為企業即時定位系統（RTLS）的主流方案。憑藉其卓越的距離測量與定位精度，UWB 技術正在徹底改變物流、醫療等多個產業。到了 2026 年，製造商需要定位關鍵工具與資產，物流業者必須安全調度數百台堆高機，醫院則要求在無無線電干擾的情況下達到病床等級的可視化管理。UWB 的奈秒級脈衝透過距離界定加密技術，滿足這些精度與可靠性的需求。
Ultra wideband (UWB) has moved from niche military radar to the mainstream of enterprise real time location systems (RTLS). Known for its exceptional accuracy in distance measurement and positioning, UWB technology is revolutionizing sectors from logistics to healthcare. In 2026, manufacturers need to locate critical tools and assets, logistics operators must orchestrate hundreds of forklifts safely, and hospitals demand bed level visibility without radio interference. UWB’s nanosecond pulses meet those accuracy and reliability requirements through distance bounding encryption.In this article, we examine the fundamental features of UWB technology, delve into its unique advantages over traditional wireless technologies, and highlight compelling real-world applications where UWB is making a significant impact.
• UWB 室內定位精度可達 10–30 公分，遠優於藍牙、Wi-Fi RTT 或 RFID。
• 裝置透過超短無線電脈衝並覆蓋寬頻頻譜，可進行亞奈秒級飛行時間（ToF）測量。
• 寬頻特性可有效抗干擾、抗反射及非視距障礙，即使在金屬密集的工廠或繁忙醫院中仍可保持穩定座標。
• 透過高效率占空比控制，標籤與識別證可運作數月，適用於行動裝置與 IoT。
• 物流、醫療、汽車與智慧建築專案廣泛應用於棧板追蹤、病患流程管理、數位車鑰匙與安全門禁。
• 對於高精度、安全即時定位的需求正在全球加速成長。
KEY TAKEAWAYS•Ultra-Wideband technology delivers indoor positioning accuracy of 10–30 cm—far sharper than Bluetooth, Wi-Fi RTT, or RFID can achieve.•Devices exchange ultra-short radio bursts across a wide slice of the spectrum, allowing the system to measure true time-of-flight with sub-nanosecond resolution.•The wide bandwidth shrugs off interference, reflections, and line-of-sight obstructions, so coordinates stay stable even in metal-heavy factories or busy hospitals.•Efficient duty-cycling keeps tags and badges running for months, making the technology practical for mobile and IoT devices.•Logistics, healthcare, automotive, and smart-building projects use UWB for pallet tracking, patient flow, digital car keys, and secure access control.•Demand for centimetre-accurate, secure real-time location is accelerating adoption across sectors worldwide.
